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Reverse osmosis device

Reverse osmosis (RO) equipment is a membrane separation technology developed in the 1980s. It mainly utilizes the principle of semi-permeable membrane osmosis. By applying pressure in a certain way, a force opposite to the natural osmosis direction is exerted, causing water in the concentrated solution to permeate into the dilute solution. This process is called reverse osmosis. The device composed of reverse osmosis elements is called a reverse osmosis device. Main Process Flow Description: 1. Raw Water Tank: Stores raw water. An antiscalant is used to precipitate large mud and sand particles and other precipitable substances in the water. It also buffers the impact of unstable water pressure in the raw water pipe on the water treatment system (e.g., the response of pressure sensing caused by excessively low or high water pressure). 2. Raw Water Pump: Maintains a constant system water supply pressure and stable water supply volume. 3. Multimedia Filter: This multi-layer filter is mainly used to remove particles larger than 20um, such as mud, rust, colloids, and suspended solids, from the raw water. Manual valves or automatic controllers can be used for backwashing, forward washing, and other operations to ensure the quality of the produced water and extend the service life of the equipment. 4. Activated Carbon Filter: The system uses a granular activated carbon filter. Activated carbon not only adsorbs electrolyte ions but also performs ion exchange adsorption. Activated carbon adsorption can also reduce the permanganate index (COD) from 15mg/L(O2) to 2～7mg/L(O2). In addition, due to the adsorption effect, the concentration of the adsorbed substances on the surface increases, thus playing a catalytic role, removing pigments, odors, a large number of biochemical organic substances, reducing the residual chlorine value and pesticide pollutants, and removing trihalomethanes (THM) and other pollutants. Manual valves or automatic controllers can be used for backwashing, forward washing, and other operations to ensure the quality of the produced water and extend the service life of the equipment. The equipment also has a self-maintenance system, resulting in low operating costs. 5. Ion Softening System/Chemical Dosing System: To prevent the concentration of dissolved solids in the concentrate discharge and the utilization of freshwater, and to prevent the concentration product of CaCO3, MgCO3, MgSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, and SiSO4 on the concentrate side of the last membrane module in the RO device from exceeding its equilibrium solubility constant and crystallizing out, thereby damaging the inherent characteristics of the membrane element, an ion softening device or an appropriate amount of antiscalant should be used to prevent the precipitation of carbonate, SiO2, and sulfate crystals before entering the reverse osmosis membrane module. 6. Precision Filter: A precision filter is used to remove residual suspended solids, non-straight particles, and colloids from the incoming water, ensuring safer and more reliable operation of subsequent equipment such as the RO system. The filter element is a 5um melt-blown filter element. The purpose of the dimethyl silicone oil is to remove impurities larger than 5um that have leaked through the previous filtration unit, preventing them from entering the reverse osmosis device and damaging the membrane surface, thus damaging the desalination performance of the membrane. 7. Reverse Osmosis System: A reverse osmosis device uses sufficient pressure to separate the solvent (usually water) from the solution through a reverse osmosis membrane (or semi-permeable membrane). Because this process is opposite to the direction of natural osmosis, it is called reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis can adapt to raw water with various salinity levels, and it achieves good technical and economic benefits, especially in high-salinity water treatment projects. The reverse osmosis method has high desalination rate, high recovery rate, stable operation, small footprint, and simple operation. In addition to desalination, the reverse osmosis equipment also removes most bacteria, colloids, and high-molecular-weight organic matter. 8. Ozone Sterilizer (Optional): Kills bacteria caused by secondary pollution to completely guarantee the hygienic indicators of the finished water.

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　　Reverse osmosis (RO) equipment is a membrane separation technology developed in the 1980s. It primarily utilizes the principle of osmosis in semi-permeable membranes. By applying pressure in a manner counter to the natural direction of osmosis, water from a concentrated solution is forced to permeate into a dilute solution. This process is known as reverse osmosis. A device composed of reverse osmosis components is called a reverse osmosis unit.

　　Main Process Flow Description

　　1. Raw Water Tank: Stores raw water. An antiscalant is used to precipitate large sand particles and other precipitable substances in the water. It also buffers the impact of unstable water pressure in the raw water pipe on the water treatment system (e.g., the response of pressure sensors to excessively low or high water pressure).

　　2. Raw Water Pump: Maintains constant system water pressure and stable water flow.

　　3. Multi-Media Filter: This filter uses multiple filter layers to remove particles larger than 20µm, including sand, rust, colloids, and suspended solids from the raw water. Manual valves or an automatic controller can be used for backwashing, forward washing, and other operations. This ensures the quality of the treated water and extends the life of the equipment.

　　4. Activated Carbon Filter: The system uses a shell-activated carbon filter. Activated carbon not only adsorbs electrolyte ions but also performs ion exchange adsorption. Activated carbon adsorption can also reduce the potassium permanganate oxygen demand (COD) from 15mg/L(O2) to 2～7mg/L(O2). Furthermore, due to the adsorption effect, the concentration of adsorbed substances on the surface increases, thus playing a catalytic role, removing water color, odor, large amounts of biochemical organic matter, reducing residual chlorine and pesticide pollutants, removing trihalomethanes (THMs), and other pollutants. Manual valves or an automatic controller can be used for backwashing, forward washing, and other operations. This ensures the quality of the treated water and extends the life of the equipment. The equipment also has a self-maintenance system, resulting in low operating costs.

　　5. Ion Softening System/Chemical Dosing System: To prevent scaling and improve the utilization of treated water in the RO system, especially to prevent the precipitation of CaCO3, MgCO3, MgSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, and SiSO4 in the concentrate side of the last membrane module due to the concentration product exceeding the equilibrium solubility constant, thereby damaging the membrane components, an ion softening system or a proper amount of antiscalant should be used to prevent the crystallization of carbonates, SiO2, and sulfates before entering the reverse osmosis membrane modules.

　　6. Precision Filter: A precision filter removes remaining suspended matter, non-dissolved particles, and colloids from the incoming water, ensuring safer and more reliable operation of subsequent equipment such as the RO system. The filter element is a 5µm melt-blown filter. The purpose of using dimethyl silicone oil is to remove impurities larger than 5µm that may have passed through the previous filtration stage. This prevents them from entering the reverse osmosis unit and damaging the membrane surface, which would affect the membrane's desalination performance.

　　7. Reverse Osmosis System: A reverse osmosis unit uses sufficient pressure to separate the solvent (generally water) from a solution through a reverse osmosis membrane (or semi-permeable membrane). Since this process is opposite to the direction of natural osmosis, it is called reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis can handle raw water with various salt contents, and it is particularly effective in high-salt water treatment projects, offering excellent technical and economic benefits. Reverse osmosis offers high desalination rates, high recovery rates, stable operation, small footprint, and ease of operation. In addition to desalination, the reverse osmosis equipment also removes most bacteria, colloids, and high-molecular-weight organic matter.

　　8. Ozone Sterilizer (Optional): Kills bacteria generated by secondary pollution, ensuring the hygienic quality of the finished water.